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OTHERS The Malaysian mineral industry can be broadly categorised into 3 sectors, as follows; a) Primary sector This sector comprises the mining, quarrying and extraction of minerals. The minerals produced include metallic minerals such as tin, gold, iron ore, and bauxite, energy minerals of which only coal is currently being mined, and non-metallic minerals such as common sand, clay, kaolin, silica sand, limestone, marble and granite. Besides being used locally in their raw form by the construction and building industry, the minerals produced by this sector are also processed and value-added for use by the other two sectors. Some of these minerals are also exported in their raw form. b) Secondary sectorThis sector comprises the processing of minerals and production of feed materials using minerals. This sector uses domestic and imported minerals as raw materials. Activities of this sector include processing of minerals for the recovery of ilmenite and zircon from by-products of tin mining and recovery of silica sand for glass making, upgrading of clay for making higher value products, value-adding of industrial minerals such as the production of ground calcium carbonate and precipitated calcium carbonate from limestone, synthetic rutile from ilmenite, cement from limestone or clinker, dimension stone from limestone and granite, and smelting of tin ore and iron ore.c) Tertiary sectorThis sector comprises the manufacture of products using minerals or feed materials made from minerals such as clay, kaolin, silica sand, limestone, cement, tin, steel, copper and aluminium. The products manufactured covers a wide range from that of low value such as rough pottery, clay bricks, clay pipes, roofing tiles and concrete products to those high value products such advanced ceramic components, tableware, optical glass, silicon wafers, and various metal-based products. Most of the low value products are made from domestically produced minerals whilst the high value products are made from both domestic and imported minerals.
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